Publications
This paper provides a new mechanism to explain variation in firm productivity across locations: variation in the internal organization of labor into hierarchical layers, which are associated with different responsibilities within the firm. To guide my analysis, I develop a theoretical model that yields two implications. First, firms in larger markets organize into a greater number of layers. Second, because they have more layers, firms in larger markets are more productive. I then use administrative data to examine the model’s implications across French employment areas and non-tradeable service industries that satisfy the model’s assumptions: Clothing and Shoe Retail, Traditional Restaurants, and Hair and Beauty Salons. The findings are consistent with the model. I also observe that 8.8% to 22.4% of the log productivity gains from denser areas arise from differences in the organization of firms. A separate analysis shows that results are similar across firms operating in the manufacturing sector.
Plan:
Western Philosophy Reaches the Shores of Japan
“Western” Economics Reaches the Shores of Japan
Japanese Economics Rises with the Japanese Economy and “Economic Philosophy” Emerges
The Stakes Today : Economic Philosophy and Liberal Norms Between Europe and Japan
Dans cet article, nous construisons une base de données prosopographique de 476 savants et érudits ayant participé à l’enseignement à Aix-en-Provence sous l’Ancien régime. Nous couvrons ainsi l’ancienne université d’Aix (1409-1793), les écoles qui l’ont précédée (-1409) et le collège Royal Bourbon (1603-1763). L’analyse des données récoltées permet d’appréhender la démographie de cette population (longévité, mobilité). En outre, l’analyse de la notoriété de ces personnes met en avant un âge d’or au début du XVIIème siècle avec Pierre Gassendi, Charles-Hannibal Fabrot, et, au travers d’un lien plus lâche avec l’université, Nicolas Fabri de Peiresc. Nous montrons aussi l’absence d’un déclin franc en termes notoriété dans la période subséquente (1650-1793). Ce résultat contredit partiellement la vision selon laquelle les universités étaient devenues caduques à la fin de la période moderne, et souligne l’importance de s’intéresser au corps professoral des anciennes universités.
This paper concerns applications of variational analysis to some local aspects of behavioral science modeling by developing an effective variational rationality approach to these and related issues. Our main attention is paid to local stationary traps, which reflect such local equilibrium and the like positions in behavioral science models that are not worthwhile to quit. We establish constructive linear optimistic evaluations of local stationary traps by using generalized differential tools of variational analysis that involve subgradients and normals for nonsmooth and nonconvex objects as well as variational and extremal principles.
This chapter considers potential games, where agents play, each period, Nash worthwhile moves in alternation, such that their unilateral motivation to change rather than to stay, other players being supposed to stay, are high enough with respect to their resistance to change rather than to stay. This defines a generalized proximal alternating linearized algorithm, where resistance to change plays a major role, perturbation terms of alternating proximal algorithms being seen as the disutilities of net costs of moving.
In the aftermath of the U.S. financial crisis, both a sharp drop in employment and a surge in corporate cash have been observed. In this paper, based on U.S. data, we argue that the negative relationship between the corporate cash ratio and employment is systematic, both over time and across firms. We develop a dynamic general equilibrium model where heterogenous firms need cash and external liquid funds in their production process. We analyze the dynamic impact of aggregate shocks and the cross-firm impact of idiosyncratic shocks. We show that external liquidity shocks generate a negative comovement between the cash ratio and employment, as documented in the data.
After‐tax income inequality has risen since the mid‐1990s, as increases in market income inequality have not been offset by greater fiscal redistribution. We argue that the substantial increase in the diversity of consumer goods has mitigated mounting political pressures for redistribution. Within a probabilistic voting framework, we demonstrate that if the share of diversified goods in the consumption bundle increases sufficiently with income, then an increase in goods diversity can reduce the political equilibrium tax rate. Focusing on OECD countries, we find empirical support for both the model's micro‐political foundations and the implied relation between goods diversity and fiscal policy outcomes.
This paper concerns applications of variational analysis to some local aspects of behavioral science modeling by developing an effective variational rationality approach to these and related issues. Our main attention is paid to local stationary traps, which reflect such local equilibrium and the like positions in behavioral science models that are not worthwhile to quit. We establish constructive linear optimistic evaluations of local stationary traps by using generalized differential tools of variational analysis that involve subgradients and normals for nonsmooth and nonconvex objects as well as variational and extremal principles.
Plan
1 - Propos liminaire a la section documentaire
2 - Présentation de la vie et de l’œuvre de Yûichi Shionoya
3 - Références des monographies et des ouvrages dirigés par Shionoya en langue anglaise
La Revue de philosophie économique propose deux numéros thématiques consacrés à l’Asie orientale.
Ce premier numéro traite du Japon. Il présente les productions d’économistes et de philosophes japonais d’hier et d’aujourd’hui dont une grande partie de l’œuvre restait hors d’atteinte. Le lecteur découvrira, dans une perspective historique, que la philosophie économique au Japon remonte à l’Entre-deux guerres, quand le champ d’études y est fondé par Sôda et Sugimura, présentés ici dans un texte inédit d’Yûichi Shionoya (1932-2015). Un hommage spécial est rendu à ce représentant contemporain majeur de la discipline, par Bertram Schefold. Dans une perspective plus récente, les contributeurs discutent les libertés économiques, les principes du revenu de base et de l’imposition au Japon, comme la réception de l’œuvre d’Adam Smith (soumise à des errances), la diffusion du nationalisme (qui passe par la socio-économie) et les philosophies inspirées par l’Occident (Kiyoshi Miki est présenté par une autre figure majeure du domaine, Kiichirô Yagi).
