This paper looks into what contributes to the ability to be healthy (health capability) of men and women living in the rural area of Niakhar, in Senegal using data from the 12356 ANRS AmBASS survey. Following a structural equation modelling strategy (Krishnakumar, 2007), I identify several dimensions constitutive to a health capability profile (Ruger, 2010), such as the ability to access healthcare services, the ability to make autonomous decisions, and the ability to achieve physical and emotional health. I also explore the effect of socio-economic and demographic indicators on these dimensions, and investigate differences in health-related capabilities between men and women.