*This paper analyze the effect of migration, seen as a strategy to cope with climate variation, on the improvement of rural household living standard in Niakhar. Using Ni-akhar Health and Demographic Surveillance System (NHDSS) data, we defi ne two type of migrations, short-term migration and long-term migration. We f irst investigates the effects of rainfall anomalies on each type of migration. We found that rainfall anomalies have a negative effect on short-term migration only. Secondly, we use Goods and Equipments surveys to define three objectives measures of household living standard (consumer assets index, productive assets index and housing index). Using a conditional change score model, change in living standard measurement and latent network variables as instruments for migration, we found a positive effect of migration, short and long-term, on the improvement of consumer assets index and productive assets index in Niakhar, but not on housing index. However, long-term effects are more important than short-term effects. The analytical distinction between short-term and long-term migrations, proposed in this paper, was therefore fruitful. All in all, short term migration appears as defensive response to climate change, although long term migration seems more connected to an explicit strategy from households to escape poverty.

**This paper evaluates the efficiency of public innovation aids, particulary research tax credit, on firms innovation and export. Our study is focused on PACA Region firms. We conduct a comparitive study between innovative and non innovative firms on the one hand,  exporting and non exporting firms on the other hand, to identify how research tax credit impacts corporate export and innovation. Using a Panel VAR model on each of the 4 groups, our results reveal that excepted firms that are already innovative, all the firms exports are significantly and positively sensible to research tax credit. In terms of amplitude, non innovative firms are the most sensible to research tax credit. (i) Thus, research tax credit increases the innovative capacity of a non-innovative firm and by the same way its export rate. (ii) In parallel, the more the firm exports, the more research tax credit influences its export rate. The latter two points demonstrate a positive impact of the research tax credit on corporate innovation and export but also a positive link between corporate export and innovation.