Ulrich Nguemdjo-Kamguem*, Tanguy Le Fur**

Séminaires internes
phd seminar

Ulrich Nguemdjo-Kamguem*, Tanguy Le Fur**

AMSE
How do migrations affect under-5 child mortality in rural area: Evidence from Niakhar*
Health & working time: A macroeconomic perspective on the American puzzle**
Co-écrit avec
Alain Trannoy**
Lieu

IBD Salle 16

Îlot Bernard du Bois - Salle 16

AMU - AMSE
5-9 boulevard Maurice Bourdet
13001 Marseille

Date(s)
Mardi 17 avril 2018| 12:30 - 14:00
Contact(s)

Edward Levavasseur : edward.levavasseur[at]univ-amu.fr
Océane Piétri : oceane.pietri[at]univ-amu.fr
Morgan Raux : morgan.raux[at]univ-amu.fr

Résumé

*This study analyzes the relationship between household member's migration and child mortality in their non-migrating family's in rural area. Using Niakhar Health and Demographic Surveillance System panel data from 1998 to 2013, we de ne two types of migration: short-term and long-term migrations. We first investigate the effects of migration on child mortality at the household level. We found that migration, particularly short-term migration, increase the survival probability of under-5 children in the household. In addition, we found that the effect of women's short-term migration on child mortality is more important than men's short-term migration. Secondly, we investigate the effect of mother's short-migration on the survival of her under-5 children. We found that the aggregate effect of mother migration on child survival is positive. But, taking things in more detail, her absence in the household the previous year seems to increase the survival probability of her children aged 0 during the current year, although decrease survival of her children aged 1 or 2 years old during the current year.

**Today, Americans work substantially more than Europeans and are in much poorer health despite greater medical expenditure. We provide another rationale for the Amer- ican mortality disadvantage around age 60 by relying on the negative effect on health of long hours of work. To do so, we introduce health capital in an exogenous growth model with elastic labor supply impacting its depreciation rate. We remain agnostic as to why Americans work more than Europeans, but model the difference with pref- erences for leisure for convenience. Longer hours of work make individuals devote a larger fraction of their resources to health care which may not be sufficient to offset the extra depreciation of their health capital stock, provided the returns to medical investments are not high enough. We then calibrate the model for the US to assess how much of the difference in both mortality rates and health care expenditure come from excess labor supply. We build a counterfactual using the hours of work in UK in 2015. In the baseline counterfactual, the US will spend as much as less 2.6% of GDP in medical expenditures and will experience 138 deaths per 100,000 people less, that is respectively one half and one quarter of the actual deviations with the UK.