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Decreuse

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Géographie du chômage des personnes d'origine africaine : 1) Discrimination vis-à-vis des emplois en contact avec la clientèleJournal articleLaurence Bouvard, Pierre-Philippe Combes, Bruno Decreuse, Morgane Laouénan, Benoît Schmutz et Alain Trannoy, Revue Française d'Économie, Volume 23, Issue 3, pp. 8-56, 2009

[eng] The Geography of Unemployment of First and Second-generation Africans in France:. 1) Customer Discrimination in Face-to-face Jobs.. . It is well-known that the unemployment rate differential between people of foreign and French origins has increased over the past decades. This statement must be completed by two key features. First, the unemployment rate differential is considerably higher in large cities than in small ones. Second, this geographic dualism has been magnified over time. This paper documents these two facts and offers a credible interpretation that relies on market failures on local labour markets. The hypotheses we test are the following ones. 1) People of foreign origin are mostly discriminated against in jobs which imply a face-to-face interaction with the customers. 2) Jobs that do not imply such an interaction have been swept out of big cities because of the increase in land prices ; the proportion of discrimination-prone jobs in urban areas has increased accordingly. If we buy the idea that foreign populations were stuck in large cites due to biased preferences or reasons linked to the housing market (an hypothesis we test in the companion paper we publish in this issue of the journal), we shed light on a spatial mismatch for foreign population at the national level. It would have been easier for them to find a non-discriminated job in smaller cities. Our empirical work is based on national labor surveys (FQJP and CdT) and the French census. in large cities than in small ones. Second, this geographic dualism has been magnified over time. This paper documents these two facts and offers a credible interpretation that relies on market failures on local labour markets. The hypotheses we test are the following ones. 1) People of foreign origin are mostly discriminated against in jobs which imply a face-to-face interaction with the customers. 2) Jobs that do not imply such an interaction have been swept out of big cities because of the increase i
Parental altruism, life expectancy and dynamically inefficient equilibriaJournal articleHippolyte d'Albis et Bruno Decreuse, Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Volume 33, Issue 11, pp. 1897-1911, 2009

This paper presents a continuous time overlapping-generation (OLG) model which generalizes the Blanchard-Buiter-Weil model and clarifies the relationships between dynastic altruism, the length of planning horizons, and dynamic inefficiency. Our main innovation relies on the introduction of parental altruism, whose intensity is variable. We first show that parental altruism and life expectancy do favor overaccumulation. Second, we give a condition that explains why the Ramsey model may only display dynamic efficiency. These theoretical results are illustrated by a parameterization from US data. Our numerical exercises suggest that the US economy is dynamically efficient, mainly because of the shortness of life expectancy.
Choosy Search And The Mismatch Of TalentsJournal articleBruno Decreuse, International Economic Review, Volume 49, Issue 3, pp. 1067-1089, 2008

This article proposes a multi-sector matching model where workers have (symmetric) sector-specific skills and the search market is segmented by sector. Workers choose the range of markets they are willing to participate in. I identify a composition externality: Workers do not take into account the impact of their choice on sector-specific mean productivity among the pools of job-seekers. Consequently, workers prospect too many market segments, and there is room for public policy even when the so-called Hosios condition holds. Copyright � 2008 the Economics Department of the University of Pennsylvania and the Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association.
L'indemnisation du chômage : au-delà d'une conception « désincitative »Journal articleBruno Decreuse, Yann Algan, Pierre Cahuc, François Fontaine et Solenne Tanguy, Revue d'économie politique, Volume 116, Issue 3, pp. 297-326, 2006

Le système d’indemnisation du chômage a un double objectif: fournir une assurance contre les risques idiosyncrasiques du marché du travail et participer au financement de la recherche d’emploi des chômeurs. La littérature économique s’est pendant longtemps essentiellement intéressée au premier objectif, en soulignant l’aspect désincitatif des allocations chômage. Toutefois, depuis quelques années, des contributions empiriques et théoriques ont mis en avant les bénéfices potentiels de l’indemnisation du chômage en soulignant qu’elle contribue aussi à financer la recherche d’emplois de bonne qualité et qu’elle permet de sélectionner des méthodes de recherche efficaces. Le présent article propose un aperçu synthétique de cette littérature.
Schizophrénie intergénérationnelleJournal articleBruno Decreuse et Bertrand Wigniolle, Recherches économiques de Louvain, Volume 72, Issue 1, pp. 49-74, 2006

Love pushed beyond its paroxysm leads to suffocation. That is the moral of this article, which depicts an altruistic parent setting her labour supply to offer the best living conditions to her child. When parents and children are perfectly substituable in production, this behaviour pushes all wages down. If hourly wages are rigid, employment is rationed and the youth are the primary victims of such rationing. We show this mechanism may originate endogenous fluctuations between under and full employment when the older workers? productivity negatively responds to past unemployment. We also analyse the political support for the minimum wage. When the youth productivity is random, the minimum wage, the older workers? labour supply and youth unemployment together rise with the intensity of parental altruism.
Adaptability, productivity, and educational incentives in a matching modelJournal articleOlivier Charlot, Bruno Decreuse et Pierre Granier, European Economic Review, Volume 49, Issue 4, pp. 1007-1032, 2005

No abstract is available for this item.
Education, Mobility and Employers' Monopsony Power: A Search-theoretic AnalysisJournal articleBruno Decreuse et Pierre Granier, LABOUR : Review of Labour Economics and Industrial Relations, Volume 19, Issue 3, pp. 531-562, 2005

No abstract is available for this item.
Self-selection in education with matching frictionsJournal articleOlivier Charlot et Bruno Decreuse, Labour Economics, Volume 12, Issue 2, pp. 251-267, 2005

No abstract is available for this item.
Adaptabilité et complexité. Les choix éducatifs et technologiques sont-ils efficaces ?Journal articleBruno Decreuse et Pierre Granier, Revue Économique, Volume 56, Issue 3, pp. 551-562, 2005

European labour markets have known three majour changes over the past three decades : the complexification of the technological environment, the growth of general education across the workforce, and rising unemployment. Taken together, do these facts reflect the inefficiency of schooling and technological decisions ? Our answer takes place in a matching model of unemployment in which firms choose technological complexity, and workers educate to improve their adaptability. We show economic policy should focus on the labour market and the education system rather than on firms'technological choices.
Epargne de précaution, réseaux sociaux et assurance chômage publiqueJournal articlePierre Cahuc, Yann Algan, Bruno Decreuse, François Fontaine et Solenne Tanguy, Revue Française d'Économie, Volume 19, Issue 1, pp. 3-36, 2004

[fre] Cet article analyse les conséquences des systèmes publics d'assurance chômage lorsque les ménages peuvent disposer de méthodes alternatives soit d'auto- assurance sous forme d'épargne de précaution, soit d'assurance interpersonnelle sous forme de réseaux sociaux. Cette analyse apporte de nouveaux éclairages sur l'efficacité et le profil optimal de l'assurance publique aux regards de systèmes d'assurance privés ou familiaux, et sur le rôle de l'environnement institutionnel tel que le marché du crédit et les normes sociales dans l'activité de recherche d'emploi. [eng] Public Unemployment Benefits Versus Self-Insurance and Social Insurance This article reassesses the optimal level of public insurance schemes when pri- vate insurance with precautionary savings or familial insurance with social networks are taken into account. These features are found to deeply challenge the traditional efficiency and equity results attached to the provision of unemployment benefits and provide new room for public insurance.