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We consider a one-sector Ramsey-type growth model with inelastic labor and learning-by-doing externalities based on cumulative gross investment (cumulative production of capital goods), which is assumed, in accordance with Arrow (1962), to be a better index of experience than the average capital stock. We prove that a slight memory effect characterizing the learning-by-doing process is enough to generate business cycle fluctuations through a Hopf bifurcation leading to stable periodic orbits. This is obtained for reasonable parameter values, notably for both the amount of externalities and the elasticity of intertemporal substitution. Hence, contrary to all the results available in the literature on aggregate models, we show that endogenous fluctuations are compatible with a low (in actual fact, zero) wage elasticity of the labor supply.
Over the past three decades, analysis of dynamics has come to the forefront of macroeconomic theory. A key impetus for progress on this front has been the connections developed between equilibrium growth theory, on one hand, and the field of nonlinear dynamics, on the other. Kazuo Nishimura's work has been at the center of these advances, and the lines of research he initiated remain an exciting area of study for young researchers with strong technical skills.
Abstract We consider a two-sector two-periods overlapping generations model with inelastic labor, consumption in both periods of life and homothetic CES preferences. Assuming gross substitutability and a capital intensive consumption good, we prove that when dynamic efficiency holds, local indeterminacy and sunspot fluctuations occur with low enough values for the sectoral elasticities of capital-labor substitution and we illustrate this finding within a standard example. This result shows that some fiscal policy rules can prevent the existence of business-cycle fluctuations in the economy by driving it to the optimal steady state as soon as it is announced, and thus shows that Reichlin's (1986) influential conclusion is compatible with positive elasticities of capital-labor substitution in a two-sector OLG economy.
We introduce aggregate uncertainty and complete markets into Blanchard's (1985) perpetual youth model. We derive a simple expression for the pricing kernel that can be used to close a variety of equilibrium models in which the set of agents changes over time.
We explore the link between wealth inequality and output fluctuations in a general two-sector neoclassical growth model with endogenous labor and heterogeneous agents. When agents have homogeneous CRRA preferences and individual wealth is Pareto distributed, a sufficiently large rise in the Gini index typically leads to an increase in endogenous fluctuations of output. For general economies, we show that under plausible conditions on the fundamentals, wealth inequality is still a destabilizing factor.
In this paper, we consider a two-sector two-periods overlapping generations model with inelastic labor, consumption in both periods of life, endogenous discounting and homothetic preferences. We prove that under the assumption of under-accumulation of capital, an economy with endogenous discounting depending on income is much more likely to experience macroeconomic fluctuations compared to an economy with constant discounting.
We consider a two-sector overlapping generations model with homothetic preferences. Under standard conditions on technologies, upon large enough values for the share of first period consumption over the wage income, we prove that the dynamic efficiency and local uniqueness of the competitive equilibrium hold. On the contrary, for lower values of the share of first period consumption over the wage income which imply dynamic inefficiency of the steady state, local indeterminacy arises when the elasticity of intertemporal substitution in consumption is large enough.
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