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Musicians and the Creative Commons: A survey of artists on JamendoJournal articleStephen Bazen, Laurence Bouvard and Jean-Benoît Zimmermann, Information Economics and Policy, Volume 32, Issue C, pp. 65-76, 2015

Piracy and the peer-to-peer diffusion of music deprive artists of income and constitute a challenge to music industry. Many consumers, especially in younger age groups, consider that is normal not to pay in order to listen to music yet artists have intellectual property rights. The reconciliation of these two features of the music market is increasingly difficult within the traditional business model of the music industry. This paper uses an original survey of artists whose music is diffused freely on the online platform Jamendo (the largest of its kind) and which uses Creative Commons (CC) licences rather than copyright firstly to examine why so many artists would adhere to such an approach and secondly what the artists feel about CC. Age is clearly a factor in the choice of CC licence type, as well as whether artists derive income from their music. The choice of CC over copyright is also found to be related to its greater flexibility, its role in the development of musical creation and its function as means of sharing. It can be seen as a basis for an alternative business model in the music industry, in which sales of albums no longer constitute the main source of artists’ remuneration.
Géographie du chômage des personnes d'origine africaine : 2) Pourquoi une si faible mobilité résidentielle ?Journal articleLaurence Bouvard, Pierre-Philippe Combes, Bruno Decreuse, Morgane Laouénan, Benoît Schmutz and Alain Trannoy, Revue Française d'Économie, Volume 23, Issue 3, pp. 57-107, 2009

Géographie du chômage des personnes d'origine africaine : 2) Pourquoi une si faible mobilité résidentielle ? Nous montrons à l'aide de l'enquête nationale Logement de l'Insee que les personnes d'origine africaine tendent à se fixer dans les grandes agglomérations dans des proportions beaucoup plus importantes que les personnes d'origine française. Deux raisons expliquent ce phénomène : la concentration du logement social dans les grandes villes et des phénomènes de discrimination à l'œuvre sur le marché du logement que nous mettons en évidence, tant sur le marché de la location que sur le marché de l'accession. Ces deux raisons permettent également d'expliquer, en dehors de toute préférence particulière, une sorte de tropisme des Africains vers le logement social : ils sont plus enclins à y entrer et beaucoup moins enclins à en sortir. Ces constats apparaissent robustes au contrôle des caractéristiques individuelles. ché de l'accession. Ces deux raisons permettent également d'expliquer, en dehors de toute préférence particulière, une sorte de tropisme des Africains vers le logement social : ils sont plus enclins à y entrer et beaucoup moins enclins à en sortir. Ces constats apparaissent robustes au contrôle des caractéristiques individuelles.
Géographie du chômage des personnes d'origine africaine : PrésentationJournal articleLaurence Bouvard, Pierre-Philippe Combes, Bruno Decreuse, Morgane Laouénan, Benoît Schmutz and Alain Trannoy, Revue Française d'Économie, Volume 23, Issue 3, pp. 3-7, 2009

No abstract is available for this item.
Géographie du chômage des personnes d'origine africaine : 1) Discrimination vis-à-vis des emplois en contact avec la clientèleJournal articleLaurence Bouvard, Pierre-Philippe Combes, Bruno Decreuse, Morgane Laouénan, Benoît Schmutz and Alain Trannoy, Revue Française d'Économie, Volume 23, Issue 3, pp. 8-56, 2009

[eng] The Geography of Unemployment of First and Second-generation Africans in France:. 1) Customer Discrimination in Face-to-face Jobs.. . It is well-known that the unemployment rate differential between people of foreign and French origins has increased over the past decades. This statement must be completed by two key features. First, the unemployment rate differential is considerably higher in large cities than in small ones. Second, this geographic dualism has been magnified over time. This paper documents these two facts and offers a credible interpretation that relies on market failures on local labour markets. The hypotheses we test are the following ones. 1) People of foreign origin are mostly discriminated against in jobs which imply a face-to-face interaction with the customers. 2) Jobs that do not imply such an interaction have been swept out of big cities because of the increase in land prices ; the proportion of discrimination-prone jobs in urban areas has increased accordingly. If we buy the idea that foreign populations were stuck in large cites due to biased preferences or reasons linked to the housing market (an hypothesis we test in the companion paper we publish in this issue of the journal), we shed light on a spatial mismatch for foreign population at the national level. It would have been easier for them to find a non-discriminated job in smaller cities. Our empirical work is based on national labor surveys (FQJP and CdT) and the French census. in large cities than in small ones. Second, this geographic dualism has been magnified over time. This paper documents these two facts and offers a credible interpretation that relies on market failures on local labour markets. The hypotheses we test are the following ones. 1) People of foreign origin are mostly discriminated against in jobs which imply a face-to-face interaction with the customers. 2) Jobs that do not imply such an interaction have been swept out of big cities because of the increase i