Publications

Abstract From different perspectives regarding the History of Economic Thought, the contributions to this roundtable highlight different aspects and levels of the modernity of the founder of the Austrian School of Economics, and of his importance for the development of social theory and the discipline of scientific economics. This is complemented by discussions of ambiguities and multiple meanings of modernity.
Keywords Austrian economics, Carl Menger, Modern economics, Modernity, Enlightenment, Complexity economics, Subjectivism, Value theory
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Abstract Combining seven years of household data from an original eld experiment in villages of Jharkand, East India, with meteorological data, this paper investigates how Indian Self-Help Groups (SHGs) enable households to withstand rainfall shocks. I show that SHGs operate remarkably well under large covariate shocks. While credit access dries up in control villages one year after a bad monsoon, reecting strong credit rationing from informal lenders, credit ows are counter-cyclical in treated villages. Treated households experience substantially higher food security during the lean season following a drought and increase their seasonal migration to mitigate expected income shocks. Credit access plays an important role, together with other SHG aspects such as peer networks. These ndings indicate that local self-help and nancial associations can help poor farmers to cope with climatic shocks and to implement risk management strategies.
Keywords Seasonal migration, Food security, Resilience, Risk management, Climatic shocks, Credit, Micronance
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Abstract L'entreprise libérée est un concept qui fait beaucoup parler et écrire. D’aucuns la présentent comme une innovation managériale majeure et même un modèle organisationnel d’avenir. Pourtant, même si elle est une tentative de réponse intéressante aux problématiques de déplacement des valeurs et des attentes des collaborateurs au travail, elle semble plus être un habillage cosmétique qu’un véritable concept managérial. Il y a certainement mieux à faire en questionnant les postures attendues d’un manager aujourd’hui, plutôt qu’en promouvant l’apparent effacement du management. Nous proposons une révision conceptuelle à l’aide de l’éclairage postmoderne à travers la notion d’entreprise libérante. Nous suggérons ainsi, à travers ce travail théorique, une nouvelle piste en cherchant à repenser les grandes postures managériales. Nous proposons ainsi de cesser de vouloir libérer l’entreprise pour poser les bases de l’entreprise libérante. Ce travail de rénovation conceptuelle s’appuie sur une étude exploratoire qualitative menée auprès de managers « libérateurs ».
Keywords Desires, Leadership, Postmodernity, Managerial Innovation, Free form Companies, Désirs, Leadership, Postmodernité, Innovation managériale, Entreprise libérée
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Abstract We study the canonical Krugman (1979) trade model with non-CES preferences that yield autarky at finite trade costs. We prove a non-monotone impact of gradual trade liberalization. At first, near autarky, emerging trade reduces world welfare, while at free trade it becomes large enough to be beneficial (Krugman's result). This non-monotonicity persists under heterogenous firms. The harmful small-scale trade is explained by variable markups and underpriced imports, which become socially excessive. Unlike protectionists, we argue that “liberalization should go far”. On the other hand, we show that anti-dumping measures can be viewed as a remedy for the aforementioned imports distortion.
Keywords Autarky, Harmful trade, Variable markups, Monopolistic competition, Trade gains
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Abstract This paper presents an artefactual field experiment with craftsmen working on renovation projects to assess the effect of training programs and incentive schemes on coordination. Workers frequently fail to coordinate their tasks when not supervised by a project coordinator. This is particularly important in the construction sector where it leads to a lack of final performance in buildings. We introduce two different incentives: a first contract paying craftsmen only according to their individual performance, and a second contract paying a group of three craftsmen with a weak-link payment according to the group’s worst performance. In addition, we test these incentives on two different subject groups: one is composed of craftsmen trained to coordinate their tasks, and the others are not. The results suggest that trained subjects coordinate at significantly higher effort levels than non-trained subjects when facing an individual-based incentive. However, when facing a group-based incentive, non-trained subjects seem to ”catch up” trained subjects in terms of coordination level, while these latter subjects do not significantly increase their performance level.
Keywords Coordination, Real-effort weak-link experiment, Artefactual field experiment, Individual incentive, Group incentive
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Abstract Souvent appréhendés à l’échelle internationale, ces acteurs sont ici étudiés dans leurs relations situées avec l’État, à partir d’une approche empirique et localisée. Parce qu’ils s’engagent dans les politiques de développement, ils deviennent des partenaires tolérés par le pouvoir selon différentes logiques de « décharge ». Tandis que leur périmètre d’action est soigneusement négocié avec les autorités publiques pour des raisons matérielles, statutaires et sécuritaires, la pérennité de leurs actions est due, entre autres, à leur capacité à négocier des combinaisons d’imaginaires politico-religieuses, ce qui ne les empêche pas de participer aux rapports de domination existants.
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Abstract We study, in a finite setting, the problem of Pareto rationalizability of choice functions by means of a preference profile that is single-peaked with respect to an exogenously given linear order over the alternatives. This problem requires a new condition to be added to those that characterize Pareto rationalizability in the general domain of orders (Moulin (1985)). This new condition appeals to the existence of a central range of options such that the choice function excludes alternatives which are distant from that range.
Keywords Single-peaked preferences, Pareto rationalizability
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Abstract Canada exhibits no correlation between income and victimization, rich neighborhoods are less exposed to property crime, rich households are more victimized than their neighbors, and rich households and neighborhoods invest more in protection. We provide a theory consistent with these facts. Criminals within city choose a neighborhood and pay a search cost to compare potential victims, whereas households invest in self‐protection. As criminals' return to search increases with neighborhood income, households in rich neighborhoods are likelier to enter a race to greater protection driving crim-inals toward poorer areas. A calibration reproduces the Canadian victimiza-tion and protection pattern by household/neighborhood income.
Keywords Search frictions, Property crime, Private protection, Economics of crime, Alarms
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Abstract We propose a new measure of systemic risk based on interconnectedness, defined as the level of direct and indirect links between financial institutions in a correlation-based network. Deriving interconnectedness in terms of risk, we empirically show that within a financial network, indirect links are strengthened during systemic events. The relevance of our measure is illustrated at both local and global levels. Our framework offers policymakers a useful toolbox for exploring the real-time topology of the complex structure of dependencies in financial systems and for measuring the consequences of regulatory decisions.
Keywords Spillover, Systemic risk, Interconnectedness, Financial networks
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