*In 2021, a total of 141 state-owned enterprises (SOEs) were included on the 2021 Fortune Global 500, among them 82 were Chinese. Chinese SOEs are a heritage of the planned economic system and their role in today’s state capitalism is not clearly defined. Using a rich dataset of Chinese firms, we investigate the role played by SOEs in Chinese industrial policies. Our triple difference-in-difference model estimates provide evidence that government policies have differently affected SOEs and the private sector. We find that China relies both on market incentives for the private sector and public reforms for SOEs to achieve a same common macroeconomic objective.

**Welfare-maximizing algorithms offer new insights in experimental economics. During an experiment, they identify the most beneficial treatment for the subjects and thus maximize the experiment's overall welfare impact. However, for experimentalists or policy implementers, this implies transferring decision-making power to an algorithm. Allocating individuals to treatment arms using an algorithm exposes us to contemporary criticisms of artificial intelligence, such as discrimination or exacerbation of inequalities. Can we meet the requirements of fairness in these automated designs? I will present preliminary work implementing strategies to control inequalities generated by basic algorithms using recent results on inference in this experimental setup.