Farmers in rural areas have always been facing climatic variability that can affect their living standards. However, they have managed to cope with these changes by developing adaptive capacities. This paper analyses, on the one hand, the determinants of adaptation capacities and on the other hand, the effect of those capacities on poverty in Niakhar. Firstly, we found that in addition to characteristics as gender, education, age, farming experience or household demography, farmers’ access to weather information and their knowledge on climate change play an important role in the choice an adaptation measure. Secondly, we identify seven household expenditures categories and define three objective measures of poverty and a subjective measure of poverty. By using a conditional score model and farmers’ level of climate change consciousness as instruments for adaptive strategies, we found a significant association between farmers’ adaptation decision agricultural and reparation expenses. Regarding poverty, we found no statistically significant association between adaptive capacities and objective measurements. However, adapting to climate change has a negative association with subjective poverty. This means that households who apply new farming techniques seem to lower their likelihood of feeling poor.